Blossom End Rot

Resource Tags:

Rots & Spots 

About the Resource:

Blossom End Rot is a common physiological disorder affecting fruits, particularly tomatoes, peppers, and squash. It is characterized by a dark, sunken lesion at the blossom end (bottom) of the fruit. Although not caused by a pathogen, the condition is linked to calcium deficiency and fluctuating moisture levels.

Symptoms

  1. Dark Lesions: The most notable symptom is a dark, sunken, and sometimes leathery spot at the blossom end of the fruit. The spot can enlarge over time and may become dry and wrinkled.
  2. Fruit Deformation: Affected fruits may show signs of deformity or uneven growth. The lesion can sometimes extend inward, affecting the quality and edibility of the fruit.
  3. Reduced Yield: Blossom end rot can lead to a decrease in overall fruit yield, as affected fruits are often unsightly and unsuitable for sale or consumption.

Causes

  1. Calcium Deficiency: The primary cause of blossom end rot is a lack of calcium in the fruit tissues. Calcium is essential for cell wall structure and stability. When plants cannot take up enough calcium from the soil, or if calcium is not properly transported to the fruit, blossom end rot can occur.
  2. Fluctuating Moisture Levels: Irregular watering or inconsistent soil moisture can affect the plant’s ability to uptake and transport calcium. Both drought conditions and overwatering can lead to the disorder.
  3. Soil pH and Nutrient Imbalance: Soil conditions, such as high pH or nutrient imbalances, can affect calcium availability and uptake by the plant roots.
  4. Root Damage: Damage to plant roots from cultivation, pests, or disease can interfere with the plant’s ability to take up calcium and contribute to blossom end rot.

Management

  1. Consistent Watering
    • Maintain Moisture: Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Regular, deep watering helps ensure that plants can take up calcium effectively.
    • Mulching: Apply mulch around plants to help retain soil moisture and reduce fluctuations.
  2. Calcium Management
    • Soil Testing: Conduct a soil test to check for calcium levels and pH. Adjust soil pH and nutrient levels as needed based on test results.
    • Calcium Supplements: If soil calcium levels are low, consider applying calcium supplements such as lime or gypsum. Follow recommended application rates and guidelines.
  3. Proper Fertilization
    • Balanced Fertilizer: Use a balanced fertilizer that provides essential nutrients without causing imbalances. Avoid excessive use of high-nitrogen fertilizers, which can exacerbate the problem.
    • Foliar Calcium: In cases where soil calcium is adequate but uptake is an issue, foliar sprays containing calcium can help provide an immediate source of the nutrient.
  4. Plant Care
    • Avoid Root Damage: Handle plants carefully to avoid root damage and ensure healthy root growth.
    • Check for Pests and Diseases: Monitor plants for pests or diseases that can impact root health and overall plant vigor.